Living near India and Pakistan to divide the control line means living an uncertain life. The fear of conflict is always surrounded by them. There is no peace there, it is not.
After the recent gun attack in Pehelgam in Kashmir, the two countries were again brought to the edge of the war, focusing on the tension between India and Pakistan. There were firing on both sides of the control line – the house has become a ruin. At least 16 people were reported killed in the Indian part of the counter -attack. And Pakistan has claimed that 40 civilians died there. However, the number of casualties due to direct shootings could not be confirmed.
Anam Zakaria, a Pakistani writer living in Canada, told the BBC, “The families living under the control line are being subjected to tensions between India and Pakistan and tensions between the two countries.”
Anam Zakaria has written a book on Pakistan -controlled Kashmir. He said, “Every time the firing starts, many people enter the bunker, livestock and livelihood are wasted. Homes, hospitals, schools – all are affected. In their daily life, this insecurity and instability have a deep impression. ‘
There is a total of 3 thousand 323 km long border between India and Pakistan. The length of the control line is 740 km. In addition, the two countries have 2 thousand 400 km wide international border. The name of the control line was the beginning of the ‘ceasefire line’. It was known in 1949 in 1949 after the first war between India and Pakistan in 1947. In 1972 it was renamed as ‘control line’ under Simla Agreement.
The line of control has passed through Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan claim Kashmir to be part of themselves. However, the two countries control some of it. The control line is one of the world’s military border. There is always fear of conflict. The ceasefire lasts until the next provocation comes.
The line of control has passed through Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan claim Kashmir to be part of themselves. However, the two countries are under control of different parts. The control line is one of the world’s military border. There is always fear of conflict. The ceasefire lasts until the next provocation comes.
According to New Delhi’s Jawaharlal Nehru University International Relations Analyst Happymon Jacob, the area can be violated in the area, from light levels to large levels to large level land grab or surgical strike. (Land occupation can mean forcibly occupying strategic important areas like the top of the hill, the army or the buffer zone).
According to many experts, the line of control is an excellent example of a ‘blood painted and confronted’.
Anam Zakaria said, “This is a line that India and Pakistan have not taken into account the views of the Kashmiris. They have militaryized it, deployed weapons. ‘
Such a wartime boundary is nothing new in South Asia.
Sumantra Basu, a professor of London School of Economics and Political Science, said that the most well -known in such border is the ‘green line’ of 1949. It is recognized as a common border between Israel and the West Bank.
After the ceasefire agreement of 2021, the short peace between the two nuclear -powered neighbors, which was maintained in the control line, was immediately broken after the recent conflict.
In this regard, Surya Valliappan Krishna, an analyst of Carnegie India, told the BBC that recent tensions on the control line and the international border are significant. This is because after four years of comparative peace on the border, this happened.
Violence on the India-Pakistan border is nothing new. India has been accused of violating ceasefire in 2001 before the 2003 ceasefire agreement, 4,000 134 times in 2001 and 5 thousand 767 times in 2002.
Initially the ceasefire agreement was implemented in 2003. There was not much ceasefire from 2004 to 2007. However, in 2008, the atmosphere of excitement was created again. And by 2013, the tension intensified.
From 2013 to the beginning of the 2021, the line of control and international borders have caused major conflicts. Then in February 2021, after the new ceasefire agreement, the incidence of ceasefire violations was reduced immediately and continuously until March 2025.
Surya Valliappan Krishna said, “During intense firing on the border, we have seen thousands of people living in the border area have been in displaced months after months. More than 27 thousand people were displaced from the border area due to the ceasefire violations and interim shootings from late September to early December 2016. ”
Under the current situation, uncertainty has increased.
Tensions spread between the two countries after the gunman’s attack on tourists in Pehelgam. New Delhi suspended the important water sharing agreement between India and Pakistan. Pakistan responded counter -threats to get out of the 1972 Simla Agreement. The Simla Agreement formalized the control line – though till now the agreement has not been fully complied with.
Surya Valliappan Krishna says this is significant. This is because the Simla Agreement is the basis of the current control line, which both sides agreed to not change unilaterally despite their political differences.
According to Happymon Jacob, there is no issue of a violation of ceasefire along the Line of Controls in discussions and debates between the two countries for a ‘strange reason’.
Happymon Jacob wrote the book titled ‘Line on Fire: Sizfire Violese and India-Pakistan Espection Dynamics’. In that book, he writes, “The two nuclear -powered countries are regularly using high -powered weapons such as 105 mm mortar, 130 and 155 mm artillery songs and tank -free guided missiles and are causing civil and military damage. And how the subject has avoided the attention of research analysis and policy makers is wonderful. ‘
Hapimon Jacob has identified two main issues in a violation of ceasefire: Pakistan often opens as a shield to assist in India -controlled Kashmir militant infiltration. The Kashmir region witnessed the armed uprising against Indian rule for more than three decades. Pakistan, on the other hand, alleged that India opened fire in the civilian area without any provocation.
Happymon Jacob’s argument is that a ceasefire violation of the India-Pakistan border is not the result of high-level political strategy, but a reflection of local military reality.
Often the hostility is started through the field commanders of the border area. In this case, there is sometimes central approval, but most of the time there is no approval. He also challenged the allegations that the Pakistan army was responsible for the violation of the ceasefire. According to him, the complex mix of local military obligations and the complex mix of autonomy given to the border forces of the two countries is responsible.
Some experts believe that it is time to reconsider a concept of ‘suspending’ almost two decades ago. The idea is to turn the control line into a formal and internationally recognized border.
Many again emphasized that this possibility was never ‘realistic’ and it was ‘not yet possible’.
In this context, Professor Sumanta Bose told the BBC that the idea is completely unrealistic and unstable. For decades, the entire region of Jammu and Kashmir has been shown as an integral part of India on India’s map. ‘
Sumanta also said that recognizing the control line for Pakistan as an international border would mean resolving the Kashmir issue as per the terms of India. For seven decades, whether civilian or military – every Pakistani government and ruler have strongly rejected the proposal.
Professor Sumantra Bose writes in the book ‘Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace’, published in 2003, ‘The control line for Kashmir is needed to be transformed into linen cloth screen instead of the iron curtains of the bunker, bunker and hostile army. Real politics says that this border will be permanent – maybe in a different name – but it has to be overcome, but cannot be abolished. ‘
The proposal to convert the control line into a ‘soft border’ between 2004 and 2007 was at the center of the India-Pakistan peace process in the Kashmir issue. But in the end the process collapsed.
At present, tensions have been seen again on the India-Pakistan border. This situation has brought back the ‘cycle of violence and uncertainty’ for the people living in that area.
During a recent clash at a hotel in Pakistan -controlled Kashmir, the BBC told Urdu, ‘No one knows what will happen. No one wants to sleep tonight by facing the control line. ‘
The worker’s words are once more reminded that when the battlefield is on the outskirts of the window, peace is how fragile.